Indirect Reciprocity, Reputation and Competition

old_uid3557
titleIndirect Reciprocity, Reputation and Competition
start_date2007/11/30
schedule10h
onlineno
summaryEffects of reputation-based indirect reciprocity are puzzling from the perspective of evolutionary biology. Suggested evolutionary explanations are either vulnerable to invasion by players who strategically build a reputation, or demand information processing ability of players that appears to be unrealistic, or require complicated patterns of interaction. Nevertheless, the existence of indirect reciprocity based on reputation has been documented in a number of recent studies. We propose a comparatively simple mechanism for the emergency and survival of indirect reciprocity. Specifically, we introduce competition in an experimental helping game. Following previous experiments, in this game “donors” can increase the payoffs of “recipients” at a cost to themselves and donor and recipient roles are assigned independently across periods. Donors can observe the image score of the recipients, which is the record of their previous behaviour in the role of a donor. In a baseline treatment, donors are randomly assigned to recipients as in previous experiments. In the competition treatment donors can choose which recipient to help, if at all. In treatments where the image score covers five periods, competition does not affect average helping rates, but leads to a split in the population. Some players essentially always help, some essentially never do. If the image score covers only one period, competition increases average helping rates, apparently since the transition from a bad to a good score is cheaper. With a long history players can be stuck with a bad score as the future is too short to reap the benefits of improving their score.
responsiblesBourgeois-Gironde