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Phenotypic plasticity| old_uid | 10748 |
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| title | Phenotypic plasticity |
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| start_date | 2012/01/26 |
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| schedule | 16h-18h |
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| online | no |
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| details | Intervention commentée par Antonine Nicoglou (IHPST) |
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| summary | Phenotypic plasticity is the property of the organisms of one genotype to develop systematically different phenotypes in systematically different environments. Phenotypic plasticity of a trait that is continuous with continuous environmental variation is specified by a reaction norm, the genotypic function that yields the phenotype given any environment; this is the type of phenotypic plasticity I’m mostly concerned with.
Phenotypic plasticity can be experimentally approached in organisms. I’ll give examples both from my own Drosophila work involving a fairly linear reactions and from work by others with more sigmoid reaction norms.
A reaction norm can be modeled as a genotypic function, and is then amenable to standard models of selection on a quantitative trait in a heterogeneous environment. In simple cases of such models, selection leads to the optimal phenotype in each environment. In more complicated cases, many ecotypes with non-optimal phenotypic plasticity can coexist. Another possibility in the models is selection for linear optimal phenotypic plasticity resulting in a sigmoid phenotypic pattern. All of these cases are straightforward outcomes of selection, with plasticity a intriguing trait, but still just another trait.
In the literature a view of phenotypic plasticity that differs from mine. In this view phenotypic or developmental plasticity is a major player in evolution, and might lead to evolutionary novelty. I’ve as yet not seen any convincing evidence of this view, but it is increasingly present. This view can easiest be characterized by referring to the book Developmental plasticity and evolution by West-Eberhard. I’ve criticized this view in an article in 2005.
Publications en rapport avec l'intervention :
- de Jong G. 1995. Phenotypic plasticity as a product of selection in a variable environment. American Naturalist 145: 493-512.
- Noach, E.J.K., G. de Jong, and W. Scharloo, 1996. Phenotypic plasticity in two populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 9:831-844
- de Jong G. 1999. Unpredictable selection in a structured population leads to local genetic differentiation in evolved reaction norms. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 12: 839-851.
- de Jong G, Behera N. 2002. The influence of life-history differences on the evolution of reaction norms. Evolutionary Ecology Research 4: 1-25.
- West-Eberhard MJ. 2003. Developmental plasticity and evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press
- de Jong, G., and R.H. Crozier. 2003. A flexible theory of evolution. Nature 424:16-17
- de Jong, G., 2005. Evolution of phenotypic plasticity: patterns of plasticity and the emergence of ecotypes. New Phytologist 166: 101-118. |
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| responsibles | Kostyrka, Laplane |
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