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La coopération réciproque : pourquoi elle est rare et comment elle peut (parfois) évoluer| old_uid | 12488 |
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| title | La coopération réciproque : pourquoi elle est rare et comment elle peut (parfois) évoluer |
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| start_date | 2013/05/24 |
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| schedule | 15h30 |
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| online | no |
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| summary | A paradox in social evolution theory concerns the gap between theoretical and empirical results regarding reciprocal cooperation. On one hand, models show reciprocity should evolve easily in a wide range of circumstances. On the other hand, empirically, few clear instances of reciprocity (even in a broad sense) have been found in non-human animals. In the first part of this talk, I will propose and evaluate a novel hypothesis to resolve this paradox. I propose that it is difficult for reciprocity to evolve because it raises an evolutionary problem of bootstrapping: it requires that two complementary functions, (i) the ability to cooperate and (ii) the ability to respond conditionally to the cooperation of others, arise together and reach a significant frequency, whereas neither of them can be favored in the absence of the other. I will present a multi-locus model showing that, for this reason, the evolutionary emergence of reciprocal cooperation is highly unlikely. The second part of the talk will then be devoted to resolving the opposite paradox. If a boostrapping problem shall prevent the evolution of reciprocal cooperation, then we need to explain how reciprocal cooperation has been able to evolve in a few instances outside humans and, at the very least, in the human species. On the basis of mathematical modeling, I will show that reciprocal cooperation can play an autocatalytic role, a very little amount of reciprocity yielding the eventual emergence of full-fledged reciprocity. I will show how this simple principle, and the strong constraints that it entails, explain very well the specific nature of the few instances of reciprocity that we find outside humans, and how it applies, in a generalist manner, to the human species. |
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| responsibles | Berestycki, Nadal |
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