The Role of Intention and Goal-Directed Behavior in Language Processing

old_uid15742
titleThe Role of Intention and Goal-Directed Behavior in Language Processing
start_date2015/06/05
schedule11h45-12h15
onlineno
location_infosalle B011
detailsCycle Cognition
summaryAccording to traditional accounts language was argued to be rather   encapsulated from top-down processes such as attention (e.g., Fodor,   1983). While by now the literature counts on many empirical   demonstrations falsifying such rigid modular stance, the dominant view   in the field still posits that top-down influences are restricted to   late, reactive processes. That is, following the classical dichotomy   between fast automaticity and slow top-down control (e.g., Posner &   Snyder, 1975), initial activation of words is thought to occur without   a moderating influence of the goal-directed behavior at play (e.g.,   Levelt et al., 1999). It is only after the rapid automatic retrieval   of words that the slower top-down processes can aid selection and   decision-making confirm one’s linguistic intentions (e.g., whether to   ‘use’ the activated word work as a noun or a verb). Such separation   between language processing proper on the one hand and top-down   processing on the other stands in strong contrast to the much more   dynamical and proactive role attributed to goal-directed control in   other areas of cognition, most notably in vision science (e.g.,   Desimone & Duncan, 1995; Engels et al., 2001). There it has been   documented that the rapid and successful recognition of our   environment relies on the immediate interplay between bottom-up   processes elicited by the stimulus in question and top-down processes   in function of our intentions, a given context and previous   experiences. In this presentation I will demonstrate through a series   of experiments that also language processing, whether it concerns the   construction of meaning during comprehension or the construction of   articulatory plans during production, is subject to dynamical   predictions and proactive top-down influences. This in turn has   important consequences for the architecture underpinning language in   the brain: Rather than a general-purpose, context-invariant   feedforward process of abstract symbols, language has to be perceived   as context-dependent and adaptive to the linguistic intentions and   goals of a speaker and his interlocutor.
responsiblesBigi