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Le raisonnement par analogie| old_uid | 17959 |
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| title | Le raisonnement par analogie |
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| start_date | 2019/11/04 |
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| schedule | 12h30-14h30 |
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| online | no |
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| summary | Analogy plays an important role in science as well as in non-scientific domains such as taxonomy or learning. We make explicit the difference and complementarity between the concept of analogical statement, which merely states that two objects have a relevant similarity, and the concept of analogical inference, which relies on the former in order to draw a conclusion from some premises. For the first, we show that it is not possible to give an absolute definition of what it means for two objects to be analogous; a relative definition of analogy is introduced, only relevant from some point of view. For the second, we argue that it is necessary to introduce a background over-hypothesis relating two sets of properties; the belief strength of the conclusion is then directly related to the belief strength of the over-hypothesis. Moreover, we assert the syntactical identity between analogical inference and one case induction despite important pragmatic differences. |
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| responsibles | Merlin, Longy |
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